ABSTRACT
The Howard School of Thought represents a clear break with the biological paradigm of the past. Ralph Bunche, E. Franklin Frazier, and Abram Harris denied that there were any significant biological differences between the races. Using their training as social scientists, they attempted to demonstrate that it was the socio-economic factors of black urban existence that explained differences between the races. Abram Harris was the first black scholar to receive a teaching appointment at an elite white university. Bunche moves from Howard to the State Department to the United Nations where he won a Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation of the Palestinian conflict in 1950. The only member of the Howard school to remain at Howard, with brief stints abroad, was E. Franklin Frazier. After his death in 1962, he was widely hailed by conservatives and praised by liberals for his social pathology model of the black family.
