ABSTRACT
Supplementing the postdoctoral fellowships which they had provided for 30 years, the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council conducted the first country-wide program of fellowships for graduate study in the sciences with financial assistance from The Rockefeller Foundation at first and then the Atomic Energy Commission. This chapter details the general dissatisfaction with the Research and Development Board which was being investigated by a review committee of which James Killian was chairman. There are reasons for hope that the precarious role of science and scientists in the national government may be redefined and strengthened by President Gerald Ford and Congressional acts. There may again be an agency within the White House through which scientists will be able to participate in formulating laws and national policies that involve scientific considerations. Activation of the Golden report was delayed by the process of choosing and gaining the acceptance of a Science Adviser to the President.
