ABSTRACT
The New Republicanism had incorporated much of the New Deal. The first Republican president in twenty years could ask for a lowering of tariffs on the ground of foreign alliances and by way of transferring taxing and treaty-making powers to the executive branch. Dwight D. Eisenhower's call for renewal of the Trade Agreements Act was a symptom, not a cause, of a historical reversal which was already well under way. The petroleum business is an international business par excellence. In most countries, petroleum is either a large-scale import or export. The coal miners were particularly aggrieved by residual oil imports. They had long since given up on the struggle against regular fuel oil for home heating. The Southwestern oilmen wanted crude-oil imports cut. They did not care about stopping residual-oil imports, because the quality of the crude they pumped, when refined by modern catalytic methods, left but little residual fuel oil.
