ABSTRACT
Science and technology figure prominently in the reform programs of China, India, and the USSR. The ideology of each Giant speaks to the transformative and modernizing properties of science and technology (S&T), and national leaders have consciously identified themselves with their nations’ S&T reforms. In spite of past technical achievements, each of the three Giants has fallen far short of realizing its S&T aspirations, especially as these relate to technological innovation. Thus, reform of the Giants’ S&T policies is central to their broader reforms. The United States faces intriguing challenges and opportunities both to assist in the Giants’ national reform efforts and to build innovative relationships with them that are adapted to a rapidly changing international environment.
