Introduction

The primary imperative in the Third World was to construct the framework of the state, to build an institutionalized political order. According to Samuel Huntington, the major spokesman for the institutionalization perspective, the high level of instability and disorder in many Third World countries was produced by the gap between increasing social mobility and political participation and enfeebled political organization and institution-alization. From this view, it is the strength of political organizations and procedures which provide for the viability of the political community existing within the boundaries of a state. Even where cultural fragmentation itself is not originally a major factor, the existence of severe political segmentation in many Third World countries places these states in a similarly precarious position. This situation has led to discussions of national governments in terms of political machines and patri-monialism. According to Joungwon Alexander Kim, the "predevelopment" process revolves around consolidation and institutionalization.