ABSTRACT
First: In the 19th century and the first fifty years of the 20th century, Bavaria did not show a homogeneous economic status. The industrial development in this agriculture- dominated state took place in only a few urban centres such as Niirnberg, Augsburg and Miinchen. The most significant characteristic of the industrial status in Bavaria in the 19th and early 20th century was the predominance of small and medium sized enterprises. Though many contemporaries would not normally characterise Munich as an industrial city and although from appearance the city might appear more a metropolis of art and culture than an industrial urban centre, Munich was in fact the biggest industrial city in Bavaria, perhaps even in the south of Germany. The forced labour was a mass phenomenon, not only in the Munich but also all over Germany. It is hard to find an enterprise without foreign employees.
