ABSTRACT
A host of commentators and theorists have presented a variety of bases for Karl Marx's differences with Friedrich Engels. The attempt to save Marx from "positivism" and mechanical scientism has been performed partly in the interest of dissociating him from Stalinism and partly with a view to restoring a humanist relevance to Marxism in the advanced industrial societies. The chapter summarizes the several writer's views containing most of the criticisms levelled against Engels' supposed malevolent influence on Marx that have been mounted over the certain years. Engels' critics accuse him of a positivism and a naturalization of human history, which reduced the latter to a special area of application of nature's general laws of motion. Engels is accused of hypostatizing dialectical categories such as totality, contradiction and immanent negation. These categories conform to laws, which force their way through natural transformations.
