Motivation to Work in Cross-Cultural Perspective

In 1981, Hulin and I (Hulin & Triandis, 1981) published a chapter on work motivation in which we discussed the design of organizations. We argued that in designing an organization, managers need to take a close look at the culture, subculture, demographic background, and personality of their employees. When discussing culture, we considered the contrast between cultures that emphasize independence versus conformity and interdependence, but we did not elaborate on that contrast.