ABSTRACT
Scientists do not initiate their research without implicit and explicit assumptions. Often these assumptions take the form of theories that guide the selection of hypotheses, methods, data analysis procedures, and so on. Scientists use a specific set of rules to determine reality. Through making observations-the fundamental task of scientists-they quantitatively and/or qualitatively measure phenomena objectively under particular conditions. Then, scientists attempt to identify regularities among observations. Such regular, predictable relationships among variables are called laws. Finally, a theory-a set of statements (e.g., propositions) consisting of defined and interrelated constructs integrating these laws-is developed. Besides integrating knowledge, a theory serves the function of guiding further research.
