ABSTRACT
As traditionally conceptualized, temperament refers to early appearing biologically based individual differences in behavioral tendencies that are relatively stable across time and situations (Bates, 1989). Although there is still disagreement on the number and nature of temperament dimensions, there is also a working consensus which includes the following dimensions (Bates, 1989):
Positive emotionality (smiling, laughing)
Negative emotionality (e.g., fear, anger)
Inhibition (e.g., adaptability to new situations or people)
Activity level
Self-regulation (e.g., soothability, distractibility)
Reactivity (e.g., how intense a stimulus is needed to provoke a response)
Sociability (e.g., pleasure in social interactions)
