ABSTRACT
Project management grew out of the management systems school in response to several pressures during the 1950s and early 1960s, mainly in the United States. The United States undertook various costly, technically complex, and politically sensitive large-scale projects such as the building of the nuclear submarine fleet, NASA and the space mission, and the ICBM program. Large-scale civilian engineering projects also were undertaken worldwide (e.g., major hydroelectric power station construction, bridges, and office tower complexes),
