ABSTRACT
The measures envisaged by Article 41 involve non-military sanctions, such as trade boycotts or arms embargoes. Decisions taken under Article 41 are binding on member states. In the event of the measures available under Article 41 being considered inadequate Article 42 enables the Security Council to take such military action as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Under the original scheme the use of force by the Security Council under Article 42 depended upon satisfactory agreements having been concluded under Article 43 which envisaged an organised military force being permanently at the Council’s disposal. No such agreements have ever been concluded. There is no indication that Article 42 is dependent upon agreements reached under Article 43 and Article 42 does state that enforcement action ‘may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of members of the UN’.
