ABSTRACT
Risk factors of pulmonary embolism should be avoided wherever possible. In certain cases, prophylactic anticoagulation with subcutaneous heparin should be considered, such as prolonged bed rest in hospital, with hemiplegia, congestive cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, prolonged infection, surgery such as hip or knee replacement and other trauma. Prophylactic heparin subcutaneously should also be given routinely pre and post-operatively and in the coronary care unit. Low molecular heparins are also effective. Foot pumps and stockings are also used in prophylaxis in surgical operations. Other avoidable/preventable risk factors include high oestrogen contraceptive pills, HRT, smoking, obesity, dehydration and prolonged air flights.
