ABSTRACT
While historical accounts of community penalties and their evolution suggest that issues concerning the purpose and appropriateness of community penalties have often generated heated debate, a range of broader developments have lent these issues a particular salience very recently. At the time of writing, community penalties are changing rapidly in terms of the way in which they are being implemented, ‘managed’ and evaluated by relevant criminal justice agencies and professionals, but the way in which such penalties are conceived of and justified, is also seeing some significant shifts.
