ABSTRACT
Can GM crops reduce poverty? Is this a likely outcome? This paper examines evidence of the impact of GM crops in India and what light, if any, it throws on these questions. Indian experience began in 2002 when the first GM crop was approved for commercial release, namely three hybrid varieties of Bt cotton. In 2004 and 2005 the government granted permission for the release of several other hybrid varieties of Bt cotton and more approvals are expected for the 2006 season. In addition, an unauthorized Bt cotton variety discovered in farmers’ fields at the end of 2001 continues to be used, particularly in the states of Gujarat, Punjab and Andhra Pradesh. No other GM crop has been commercially released. Table 9.1 shows trends in areas planted to 2004/2005. Area planted with Bt cotton in India (acres) https://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table">
2000/2001
2001/2002
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
NB 151 F1 and F2
200
6000
100,000
600,000
2,000,000
MMB
-
-
100,000
200,000
800,000
Rasi
200,000
Total Bt cotton
200,000
800,000
3,000,000
Note: 1 acre = 0.405 hectares.
Source: Pray et al (2005)