ABSTRACT
Resources in urban settlements are consumed principally by buildings and the activities accommodated within them and by the transport of goods and people to and between them. While in recent years there has been a tendency for energy consumption in buildings to stabilize or even to reduce, the reverse is true in the case of transport. In the UK for example, transport is the sector that has experienced the greatest growth since the 1970s: its 19 per cent share in 1970, increased to 25 per cent in 1980, 33 per cent in 1990 and was 38 per cent in 2008 (DUKES, 2009). Given that most of this energy is non-renewable, there is an increasing desire to explore ways in which both the demand for travel and its energy intensity can be reduced. For this we need transport models.
