On January 9, 2005, after lengthy and complex negotiations, the government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA),1 which incorporated a number of separate protocols and agreements. This was a defining moment in the history of Sudan. It ended a devastating civil war that had lasted since 1983 following the collapse of the Addis Ababa Agreement.2 It put in place radically new political structures for the division of power and wealth between the two parts of the country; and it recognized, for the first time, the right of the people of Southern Sudan to self-determination.