ABSTRACT
Natural resource management that is linearly planned, externally controlled, and focused on a single interest is widely considered ineffective. Much has been said and written about the dynamics of resource management and the need for participatory management. This extends to the specific case of forests, which are home to many users, supply multiple products, and serve diverse functions—all of which need to be considered. Forest management that is both adaptive and collaborative is therefore appealing and actively pursued. On the ground, decision making and implementation have become more participatory and multifunctional, and inflexible implementation has given way to more dynamic management (Jiggins and Röling 2000; Lee 1999; Dovers and Mobbs 1997; Gunderson et al. 1995; Borrini-Feyerabend et al. 2000; Ghimire and Pimbert 1997; Hinchcliffe et al. 1999; Defoer et al. 1998; Roe et al. 1999; Colfer 2005a; Leach et al. 2005).
