ABSTRACT
Land use pressures in northern Thailand have caused the fallow period of traditional shifting cultivation to shorten. As a consequence, productivity has declined and shifting cultivation has become a hazard to the environment. Shifting cultivators have also gained improved access to transportation, communications, and markets, as well as increased attention from extension officers of both government and nongovernment organizations. They have developed both indigenous and exotic alternatives to cope with, and to benefit from, the transition.
