ABSTRACT
Ammar et al. (2021) studied the impact of a community school reform initiative on student literacy outcomes among a large urban, racial/ethnically diverse, newcomer middle school population. The authors aligned their findings with the Culture and Community characteristics listed in This We Believe: Keys to Educating Young Adolescents, which was the position paper of the Association for Middle Level Education (AMLE) at the time of the study. Since the study was published, AMLE revised its position paper. This chapter considers the findings reported in the original article in light of the changes to the AMLE position paper now reflected in The Successful Middle School: This We Believe.
