ABSTRACT
This chapter considers how pupils learn and outlines some central ideas concerning effective learning. It summarises the main learning theories and explains ways in which effective learning takes place. A number of important implications for effective teaching can be drawn from Piaget's writing. Research has shown that effective learning nearly always involves a modification of what the learner already knows, or believes. To learn effectively pupils need to be effective gatherers, organisers and expounders of knowledge. Effective teachers need to be aware of pupils' different learning orientations and to be prepared to value the differences between learners. Effective teachers need to be aware of the range of preferred learning styles and should offer a range of learning opportunities in their lessons which are appropriate for the learning required and the stage of learning. Effective learning is meaningful learning and the teacher is pivotal in providing an adequate translation of the subject domain to ensure that meaningful learning takes place.
