ABSTRACT
Innovations are typified as reactions to previous actions which themselves instigate consequent actions so that endogenous development occurs. This sequence of contingent reactions between sectors comprises the dynamics of the going concern and determines how innovations are put in place. There are three types of innovations. The first is the truly revolutionary new thing: these are so rare that one can even be skeptical as to their existence and will not concern us. Certainly, if one looks for major geographical surgery the features which stand out are the new transportation links and these have usually been waiting in the wings for many years and attempt to fit into the existing structures as far as possible. The other two types of innovations can be regarded as either taken off the shelf or appear relatively so obvious changes from the past that they can be so regarded.
