ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the role of law and policy in creating and facilitating energy transitions. At the most basic level, ‘energy transition’ can be understood as a fundamental change to the pre-existing state of the energy system. The energy industry has undergone several significant and fundamental transitions. The basic framework created in order to drive energy systems towards a more sustainable direction is international in nature. The energy industry has never been a stable industry but rather an industry that has always developed and evolved. The majority of the technical assistance has been energy related, and many of the intended nationally determined contributions have related to renewable energy deployment and energy efficiency. The constraints to the transition include that Finland is highly energy intensive with significant heavy industries in the forestry, chemical and metal sectors that together account for some 90 percent of energy consumption in the industry.
