Environmental law, like administrative law, permeates a great deal of public administration. Environmental law-in the form of court decisions, statutes, administrative regulations, constitutions, treaties, and executive orders-has changed, and continues to change, public administration. The agency concluded that it is the president's prerogative to address global climate changes as an important foreign policy issue. This chapter demonstrates that courts have a major influence in how environmental laws work in practice. It briefly explains some of the most commonly used ECR techniques and processes, including when and where they might be used. Environmental conflict resolution (ECR) techniques have been used successfully in both site-specific and policy-level disputes. Environmental litigation is an area in which the judiciary's partnership with public administrative agencies is highly pronounced. ECR is one of the most highly developed subsets of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) precisely because the potential for litigation, with all its costs, delays, and uncertainties, is so great.