ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the epidemiology of neurogenic bladder and common causative neurologic diseases. An observation insurance claim–based study by Manah found high healthcare utilization among patients with neurogenic bladder; in the 1-year postindex period, 39% of neurogenic bladder patients visited urologist, 33.3% were hospitalized, and 23.4% visited an emergency room. Palma-Zamora and Atiemo attempted to quantify the economic impact of high healthcare utilization. Parkinson's disease and multisystem atrophy are both neurodegenerative disorders that affect the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia. Approximately 800,000 cerebrovascular accidents or strokes occur annually in the United States; one-third of stroke victims die as a result, one-third regain a prestroke level of functionality, and one-third remain with a long-term disability. Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of childhood-onset, lifelong physical disability in most countries. Primarily a disorder of movement and posture, this condition arises secondary to a permanent, nonprogressive disturbance of fetal or infant brain development.
