The enlargement of the European Union is a great challenge for European Union transport policy. It will lead to an extension of the transport policies, including the Trans-European Network for Transport, to the Central and Eastern European countries through the alignment with European Union legislation in the Accession Countries. The restructuring of railways in candidate countries and in Eastern and Southeastern Europe is not an easy task. For international transport operators from Eastern Europe to the European Union, there will not be many changes. Most technical and social requirements in international road transport between the European Union and third countries are covered by international agreements. European Union investments will continue to focus on border crossing and eliminating bottlenecks between accession countries and Eastern Europe: for example, projects at the Polish-Ukrainian and Hungarian-Ukrainian borders. Legislative harmonisation as well as improvement of the administrative capacity and the training of staff should be clearly a priority for all Eastern European countries.