ABSTRACT
The history of multicultural policies, from White Australia policy to post-immigration multiculturalism, the dualism has been reshaped from monoculturalism to plural culturalism to multiculturalism. Contemporary multiculturalism has elaborated on the transformation of radical dualism (White Australia policy) to moderate dualism (Assimilation and Integration policies) to liberal dualism (Multicultural policy). Interculturalism and multiculturalism seek "the same set of mostly uncontroversial political ends: social cohesion, the fair integration of newcomers, and respect for cultural and ethical differences". Based on a strong sense of liberal-individualism and communitariansecularism, interculturalism facilitates minority ethnic individuals to practise communitarian values by assuming that their cultural, religious, social, and personal traits are the barriers that prevent intercultural dialogue. The Multicultural policy appeared in Australia, there were the White Australia Assimilation and Integration policies. First, the extreme dualism of White Australia policy presupposed an absolute difference between white and non-white, and denied non-white people's common humanity. Second, the Assimilation policy was characterised by the co-existence of assimilation and segregation.
