In Italy the key changes of banking and financial regulation before the crisis were the liberalization and privatization process within the financial system. The radical change from a structural regulation aimed at maximizing stability to a prudential regulation whose purpose is to optimize efficiency. Italian Banking Act is based on the separation between commercial and investment banking, the constraints on maturity mismatch and the public governance of credit institutions. After the crisis, regulatory interventions have been focused on internal governance, managers' remuneration and the banking crisis resolution. The management of banking crises is linked with two important topics on which both European and national legislators and public opinion have focused attention during the last financial crisis: deposit insurance schemes and corporate governance and executive remuneration policies. The strong interconnection between financial and real economy highlighted by the last financial crisis, has called attention to consumer confidence and protection and therefore on deposit insurance schemes.