ABSTRACT
Five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles are important classes of heterocycles found in a number of biologically important molecules, numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive molecules such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic. They also serve as neuroexcitatory agents, antibiotics, anti-HIV, anticancer, antipsychotic, antiviral, antihypertensive, immunomodulator, and glycosidase inhibitors (Eftekhari-Sis, Zirak, and Akbari 2013, Eftekhari-Sis, and Zirak 2014). They have a wide range of uses as organocatalysts, sensors (Eftekhari-Sis, and Ghahramani 2015, Eftekhari-Sis, Malekan, and Younesi Araghi 2018), building blocks in organic synthesis (Eftekhari-Sis et al. 2010, Khalili et al. 2013), and chiral auxiliaries and ligands for asymmetric syntheses. However, various types of one-step or multi-step synthesis of these types of heterocycles have been reported in the literature; the development of new methodologies to construct five-membered N-heterocycles with different functional groups are of interest to synthetic and medicinal scientists (Eftekhari-Sis, Zirak, and Akbari 2013, Khalili et al. 2008, Eftekhari-Sis and Zirak 2014, Eftekhari-Sis and Vahdati-Khajeh 2013, Eftekhari-Sis and Zirak 2017, Zirak and Eftekhari-Sis 2015, Eftekhari-Sis, Akbari, and Amirabedi 2011, Saraei et al. 2014, Amini et al. 2017).
