ABSTRACT
In the middle of the twentieth century, D. C. Grahame improved the double electrode layer theory and laid the foundation for the application of supercapacitors. In 2005, Fuji Heavy Industries publicized a novel electrochemical hybrid capacitor, which added lithium-Ions to improve energy density that they named the lithium-Ion supercapacitor (LISC). In the twenty-first century, increasing attention has been paid to the research of LISC. A LISC, in essence, is a hybrid capacitor, which can be understood as the active material of one or two electrodes of a supercapacitor substituted by a lithium-ion battery material and operated in an electrolyte with the lithium content. LISCs are a class of advanced energy storage devices combining second batteries and EDLCs. The specific capacity of activated carbon has important effects on the capacitance of LISCs. The typical intercalation compound applied in LISC can be divided into four categories: lithium-ion containing metal oxides, polyanionic compounds, graphite, and transition metal oxides.
