This chapter focuses on gender issues in post-conflict situations and reviews the obstacles to gender-responsive peacebuilding. It argues that successful implementation of gender-responsive peacebuilding and the future of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda will be influenced by three trends in the international system: the backlash against liberal norms in affluent democracies; the growing tendency of influential regional powers in the developing world to adopt “authoritarian modes of conflict management” when addressing insurgencies, terrorism and other security problems within their borders; and the growing role of China as a provider of foreign assistance and purveyor of development models. Women’s peace movements in conflict-affected countries and efforts on the UN Security Council to advance the WPS agenda will continue to be keys for progress. This chapter concludes that adverse trends in the first two decades of the 21st century will pose challenges for the future.