ABSTRACT
Some of the most exciting recent developments in feminist theory and practice have their origins in a wide range of countries around the world. In general, feminisms with an international focus include those which emphasize transnational communication and cooperation among feminists from many nations, and local or indigenous feminisms which focus on the unique needs of women in a specific country (Basu, 1995, 2000). The breadth of these theories and movements is vast, and this summary is cursory at best. This chapter begins with a general definition and discussion of global, transnational, and local indigenous efforts. It is followed by an overview of feminist activism, theory, and therapy in the country of Japan. Rather than providing vast generalizations about a variety of indigenous feminisms, I hope to provide readers with enough information about one country’s feminisms and feminist practices to convey the reality that many other countries have spawned myriad approaches that rival the complexity of thought and activism present in North America. I have chosen Japan as an example for several reasons. Like the United States and Canada, Japan is a highly industrialized country; however, unlike its North American counterparts, it is a more collectivist or groupcentered society. The similarities and differences between Japan and North America make it an interesting example of feminist theory and activism. In addition, feminist therapy has become increasingly important in Japan and provides a useful example of the international practice of feminist therapy.
