There is perhaps no context where the conflict between individual incentives and collective responsibility is clearer than that of the natural environment. Since the 1970s, degradation of the environment has been recognized as one of the foremost problems facing human societies, and the environmentalist movement has been the driving force behind many far-reaching public policies. In this chapter, we discuss common-pool resources that relate to the environment and especially renewable resources that are at risk of overexploitation, such as forests, oceans, and the atmosphere. We focus on global warming as a change to the atmosphere that poses many threats to the environment. We show that, although sustainable resource management is possible under certain circumstances, it is particularly difficult to achieve with regard to the atmosphere as a global common-pool resource. Indeed, individual actors face strong free-riding incentives when it comes to combating global warming. We subsequently address what should be done to slow global warming and what are the most suitable policy tools in this regard. Finally, we turn to the obstacles that hinder successful international cooperation to diminish climate change.