ABSTRACT
Advancements in manufacturing technologies and integration with hi-tech industries requires emphasis on research, development, and complex prototyping with a workforce skilled in 3D modelling, coding, and the operation of automated machinery. Administration, design, and fabrication activities are increasingly interlinked as these “production” businesses internalize more of the product development process. Outsourcing and co-manufacturing are increasingly common for manufacturing companies of all scales that cannot afford to internalize the entire production process. The proliferation of advanced manufacturing in urban areas has created less reliance on transportation by cars than is found in exurban areas. Offsite storage and distribution is another aspect that allows for reduction of manufacturing footprints in urban settings, especially with just-in-time and on-demand production.
