ABSTRACT
Scientific findings have indicated that the CO2 emission of the ICT industry has contributed to 2% to the emission budget of the world energy consumption [1-3]. Nevertheless, indirect impact of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) on global CO2 footprint could be far more considerable when ICT applications replace tasks from other industrial segments like transportation. In addition, the sharp rising cost of the energy resources in the past
few years has motivated major operators like Vodafone and Orange to strive for reduction in energy consumption by 20% to 50% [4]. In the development of mobile systems like Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the main target was to increase performance. Growing energy consumption did not draw much attention and therefore was not addressed. However, for future mobile systems, e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced, the energy consumption will be a major issue due to, e.g., increasing energy costs and denser networks.
