ABSTRACT
Introduction Low-income urban dwellers in the Global South generally have much worse health than middle-and high-income groups. A high proportion die at an early age, mostly from diseases or injuries that can and should be easily prevented. This can be seen in the large differences in, for instance, life expectancy at birth, or in infant (0 to 1 year old), child (1 to 4), under-fi ve and maternal mortality rates between income groups. This is illustrated in Figure 3.1, which shows the far higher under-fi ve mortality rates among the poorest urban quartile for India and for different states in India compared to the rest of their urban populations. Many of those who have inadequate incomes also face much larger risks of debilitating injury or illness.
