ABSTRACT

Safety, reliability, and security concerns have existed as long as there have been automated systems. The first standards for software safety* and software security** were developed in the late 1970s; the first software reliability*** standards followed a decade later. These standards represented a starting point for defining safety, security, and reliability design, development, assessment, and certification techniques. Implementation, however, was fragmented because safety, security, and reliability were handled by different communities of interest and there was little communication or coordination between them. These techniques were appropriate for the technology and operational environments of their time. A time when computers and telecommunications were separate entities; computer networks consisted of dedicated lines; and textual, image, audio, and video data were isolated. Distributed processing had just begun, but portable computers and media remained unknown. Many of these techniques assumed that the computer was in one room or, at most, a few local buildings.