ABSTRACT
These organizations and later ones (Schwarze}, 1987) aimed to improve beekeeping through a better knowledge of the life of bees and better methods for managing them. There were similar bodies in Austria. In 1769 Empress Maria Theresa negotiated through the Niederosterreichische Gesellschaft fur Landwirtschaft for the appointment of a beekeeping teacher, Anton Janscha, and in 1782 a Beekeepers' Association was founded (Brauneis, 1960). Huish (1815) mentioned an apiary in Vienna with 100 hives, maintained 'for the instruction of the peasants, under a bee master named Posl'. On days with lectures, 'it is generally frequented by young men intended for the clerical life, who are obligated to attend them, that they may impart their knowledge to their parishioners. A regular journal is kept .. .'.
