ABSTRACT
After World War II, vast quantities of synthetic organic compounds, such as Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, parathion, malathion, and a plethora of others were used extensively for agricultural pest control and for public health purposes to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. By the end of the twentieth century, genetically modified microorganisms and plants became ubiquitous forms of pest control. The biopesticides are a category of pesticides derived from animals, plants, and microorganisms. A subcategory of biological pesticides is that of microbial pesticides, that is living microorganisms that kill pests and can be applied to crops or other pest habitats. One of the newest forms of pesticides to be developed is nanotechnology pesticides. Integrated pest management (IPM) minimizes the need for chemical pesticides by combining fairly sophisticated scientific knowledge of a sites particular pest problems and the available pest management strategies, with an understanding of the economic thresholds at which a sites pest problems cause unacceptable harm.
