This chapter outlines the historical development of personnel management, industrial relations, employment relations, human resource management (HRM) and strategic human resource management (SHRM) in the Fiji islands. It outlines the role of various institutions such as the state, trade unions, employer associations, non-government organisations, donor agencies and trade agreements in the HRM environment. The independence of the Fiji islands marked a major change from personnel management to HRM in large organisations. The HRM model from the 1970s to the late 1990s was based on the principles postulated and enacted under the several pieces of labour legislation. The HRM function of Fiji is changing and is largely dependent on the organisation's economic status. The development of the HRM function is closely knitted to the economic, political and legal situation of Fiji. The chapter finally provides a case study of Paradise Manufacturers Fiji Limited within the context of the SHRM environment present in the Fiji islands.