This chapter analyses how gender dynamics arises and work in local contexts that continue to impinge on the practice and implementation of Indigenous women's human rights in Canada and the USA. It focuses on common struggles that both communities of women share, and explores how these issues may be recast through the framework of transitional justice objectives. Indigenous women activists and scholars describe their experiences of being marked by gender discrimination and raced subjectivity through both intersecting and layering discriminatory effects that create situations of 'discrimination-within-discrimination' that erode Indigenous women's life choices and subjectivity. Indigenous feminism examines gender injustice from the standpoint of Indigenous women and Indigenous identity. The chapter argues that 'any federal review of tribal decisions is an unlawful intrusion on the sovereignty of indigenous nations'. It argues by way of conclusion for the efficacy of transitional justice paradigms to open up to critical scrutiny issues of voice, experience and agency for Indigenous women.