This chapter explores what differences a non-medical approach to mental health and well-being would make to how professionals relate to individuals with mental health needs. It begins by reviewing assessment, the important process of getting a clear picture of the situation, and contrast this with diagnosis. The chapter looks at the tricky balance between public protection and care and support needs. Some people confuse assessment with diagnosis, and while there may be a superficial degree of commonality, they are actually quite different. Diagnosis is concerned with “populations” – that is, assigning a person who is showing certain signs of symptoms to a category, classifying someone as a member of a group or section of people who share certain things in common. The medical model relies very strongly on medication as a response to mental health problems. However, this reflects a very narrow perspective on the possible ways of helping and supporting people who face mental health challenges.