ABSTRACT

Integration using trigonometric and hyperbolic substitutions Calculus is the most powerful branch of mathematics. It is capable of computing many quantities accurately, which cannot be calculated using any other branch of mathematics. Many integrals are not ‘standard’ ones that we can determine from a list of results. Some need substitutions to rearrange them into a standard form. There are a number of trigonometric and hyperbolic substitutions that may be used for certain integrals to change them into a form that can be integrated. These are explained in this chapter, which provides another piece of the integral calculus jigsaw.