This chapter considers the temporal stages that underlie the cultural landscape and discusses its present-day form and character. It focuses on population, land use, settlement, transportation systems, and the spatial patterns of economic and social development. The chapter describes present-day South Carolina’s landscape and economy and also focuses on the theme of the “New South.” The boundary separating South Carolina and North Carolina was to begin at a point 30 mi southwest of the mouth of the Cape Fear River and was to parallel that river to its source. The Court established that the boundary was to lie in the middle of the northern stream of the river or between an island in the river and the South Carolina bank. In August 1977 the state of Georgia entered suit before the US Supreme Court against South Carolina to specify their boundary in the lower Savannah River.