ABSTRACT
From the letters between Anna Freud and Ernest Jones, one can learn to appreciate the tactics that were adopted and the dexterity with which issues were handled in psychoanalysis at a more general level. There were differences where psychoanalysis was concerned, even between Great Britain and North America, determined by the culture specific to each, and the different way psychoanalysis had been conceived in these two countries. In addition to the various institutional and cultural pressures with which the refugee psychoanalysts had to contend, one must also remember that this specific category of refugee would have belonged to the liberal professions, and the immigration laws regarding these persons were even more stringent. Each of the psychoanalytical families or sub-groups already had its own history to tell, of cultural and historical differences, of different traditions and schooling; and sometimes the disparities were quite considerable.
