This chapter examines the process of budget allocation for the development of ocean science and technology. It shows that the content of ocean science and technology policy would be revealed in the budget. Coordination between ministries and science and technology agency takes place in the planning stage where the main task is to integrate the budget items and drafts of the concerned ministries into an overall national budget for science and technology. If seabed oil development technology were divided into three types, that is, exploration, drilling, and production, then foreign major oil companies seemed far ahead of Japan in the first and second, and ahead but to a lesser degree in the third. Moreover, since multiple-use conflicts between oil companies and fishermen are endemic around the world, it was hoped that new Japanese technology which was designed to minimize that conflict would sell well on the world market.