This chapter provides all basic political, economic, and demographic data on a territorial unit of the Russian Federation, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, which was established in December 1930 and is a part of Tyumen Oblast in Western Siberia. However, the 1993 Russian Constitution granted Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, along with all other autonomous okrugs, rights equal to those of an oblast. Khanty-Mansi accounts for about 60 percent of Russia’s oil extraction. It also possesses natural gas and other valuable deposits. Energy accounts for more than 90 percent of the okrug’s overall output and makes it the second richest in the country. Khanty-Mansi is also home to one of Russia’s two battered women’s shelters. The level of social defense for the inhabitants of the okrug is higher than the average Russian standard. One of Filipenko’s social successes has been founding a university in the okrug.