ABSTRACT
This chapter examines archaeological evidence for the Roman-period and Byzantine landscape between Nazareth and Sepphoris. The principal source for this is a survey conducted between 2004 and 2008, but this is supplemented by both earlier and later archaeological work, especially by a series of rescue excavations undertaken by the Israel Antiquities Authority in or near the survey area. Together, these show a pattern of small settlements, probably farms, occupied during both the Roman and Byzantine periods. Thin spreads of domestic waste, perhaps manuring scatters, surround several of the sites near Sepphoris, and other evidence for agricultural activity includes irrigation works and terracing. Manufacturing and quarrying also took place in the valley during these periods.
