ABSTRACT
Although positive effects of internationalization of higher education (IoHE) have been fairly well identified, both in literature and policies, negative effects are often overlooked. This chapter uses the People, Planet, Prosperity (3P) values framework of the United Nations (UN) to map undesired consequences of IoHE. A Web of Science literature search is used to substantiate these undesired consequences. The results suggest that IoHE includes various types of dilemmas. The 3P framework may inspire higher education institutions (HEIs) to (re)view their internationalization activities based on their own particular values framework. Such a review may help HEIs to develop an awareness of consequences of internationalization beyond their own organization. This may eventually lead to the development of ethical internationalization.
