ABSTRACT
The.natural.environment.of.the.cell.will.contain.topographical. information..This.may.be.on.the. microscale.presented.by.large.protein.chains,.other.cells,.and.from.other.matrix.constituents.(for. example,.mineral.in.bone)..The.topography.may.also.be.on.the.nanoscale.presented.to.the.cells.from. protein.folding.and.banding.and.nanocrystalline.elements..It.has.been.known.for.many.years.that. cells.will.react.to.the.shape.of.their.environment.[1],.and.this.phenomenon.was.later.termed.contact guidance.[2].
